San Lo Bi Vb Pc 48Hitting
Pāli / Sanskrit:Pahāra
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Pahāra Sutta (Hitting) — Exposition of the Vinaya
Background
The Pahāra Sutta belongs to the Sutta Vibhaṅga, the analysis of what has been spoken, within the Pātimokkha restraint section of the Vinaya Piṭaka. It is one of the basic rules of discipline that bhikkhus must observe. According to the Theravāda tradition, the Vinaya Piṭaka is the collection of laws established by the Blessed Buddha so that monastics might live harmoniously, protect integrity, and build a pure community.
The Pahāra Sutta was taught by the Buddha when incidents occurred in the community of bhikkhus. Specifically, bhikkhus had struck one another or struck other people, causing discord, breaking the spirit of compassion, and diminishing the dignity of the Sangha. Therefore, the Blessed Buddha established a rule prohibiting this conduct, placing it in the Pācittiya class, actions giving rise to offenses that must be confessed and disciplined.
Main Content
The Pahāra rule forbids a bhikkhu from intentionally striking or attempting to strike another person, whether a bhikkhu, a bhikkhunī, or any individual. This action is considered a Pācittiya offense, requiring the offender to confess the fault before the Sangha and undertake practices to purify the mind.
The sutta not only prohibits the act of striking, but also related conduct such as seeking revenge, aggression, or using physical strength to injure others. Even unintended striking arising from carelessness or heedlessness is considered in the light of Buddhist discipline. The spirit of this rule is to encourage compassion, patience, and respect for the life of all beings.
In the Theravāda context, this rule is understood to mean that a bhikkhu practicing the Noble Eightfold Path must apply right mindfulness (sammā-sati) to control his actions, cultivate loving-kindness (mettā), and gradually abandon all traces of anger.
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