San Lo Bi Vb Pc 136Throwing Out a Monastic

Throwing Out a Monastic

Nikkaḍḍhana — San Lo Bi Vb Pc 136

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Source Status

This sutta entry belongs to the Comparative Vinaya — Sanskrit collection within the Sectarian Canon · Comparative tradition, recorded under the number San Lo Bi Vb Pc 136, with the Vietnamese title Đuổi Người Xuất Gia, the English title Throwing Out a Monastic, and the Pāli/Sanskrit title Nikkaḍḍhana. This is an AI-generated explanation built entirely on the existing descriptive information; the complete original source text was not directly collated during preparation. Therefore, readers should not regard this as an official translation or scriptural quotation, but should approach it as an initial guide for research and practice.

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Background

Within the disciplinary systems of the Buddhist schools, the Pācittiya section, or its equivalent in different traditions, is a collection of training rules (sikkhāpada) concerning offenses that require confession, varying in gravity but not reaching the level of permanent expulsion from the Sangha. In the Comparative Vinaya — Sanskrit, the training rules are gathered and compared among many schools in order to clarify similarities and differences in the regulation of monastic conduct.

Training rule number Pc 136 in this collection concerns the act of nikkaḍḍhana, a term meaning “casting out,” “expulsion,” or “pushing another person out of a place.” This theme reflects one of the important issues in communal monastic life: the way members of the Sangha treat one another, especially in the context of shared living spaces such as monasteries, dwelling rooms, and meditation areas.

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Content Identifiable from the Descriptive Information

Based on the title Nikkaḍḍhana and the translated title Throwing Out a Monastic, it can be determined that this training rule establishes a strict prohibition or limitation on the act of coercing, driving away, or expelling a monastic from a residence or common living space within the Sangha unlawfully or improperly.

In the sectarian Vinaya systems with which this training rule can presently be compared in general outline, the kind of rule related to nikkaḍḍhana often includes basic elements such as:

• The object of the expulsion is a valid monastic, that is, one who has received ordination and is residing in the Sangha community;
• The act is an intentional, coercive expulsion, not a lawful disciplinary measure officially decided by the Sangha;
• The context is often a dispute over lodging, or a personal conflict within the monastic community;
• The result is an offense belonging to the group requiring confession.

Because this is a Comparative Vinaya collection in the sectarian tradition, the material may provide comparison among different Vinaya systems, showing how various schools handled the same conduct. This has particular value in comparative Vinaya studies.

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Meaning for Practice

The training rule concerning throwing out a monastic reflects a foundational principle in Sangha life: harmony and mutual respect (saṅghasāmaggī). The Sangha is not a space of personal power; each member, whether an elder or newly gone forth, has the right to dwell and practice under safe conditions and to be protected by collective discipline.

The act of driving another person out on one’s own authority, without going through a valid Sangha procedure (saṅghakamma), is an expression of anger, conceit, or abuse of power, all of which are serious obstacles on the path of practice. This training rule reminds monastics that all conflicts within the community need to be resolved through dialogue, reconciliation, and the official mechanisms of the Sangha, not through force or unilateral action.

For modern practitioners, the spirit of this training rule remains fully meaningful: building a healthy community of practice requires each individual to restrain the mental tendency to dominate, control, or exclude others, and instead to develop loving-kindness and patience in all interactions.

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Comparative Note

Because the complete original source text has not yet been directly collated, every inference about specific content in this document is only a directional guide based on the meaning of the title and its position within the descriptive information classification system. Researchers who wish to study it more deeply should consult the original Sanskrit Vinaya text of the relevant school, as well as published scholarly works in comparative Vinaya studies, in order to verify and supplement the points still lacking in this explanation.