Lzh Sarv Bu Vb Np 30The Five Tonics
Pāli / Sanskrit:Bhesajja
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THE SUTTA ON THE FIVE MEDICINES (BHESAJJA)
Background
The Sutta on the Five Medicines is found in the Vinaya Piṭaka, specifically in the Bhikkhunī Vibhaṅga, rule 30. It is an important part of the Pātimokkha, the basic code of discipline that bhikkhunīs must observe. The text was recorded to guide female monastics in handling matters of health and medicine in a way appropriate to the noble Dharma.
In the context of Theravāda Buddhism, the Blessed One recognized that those gone forth need to care for the body in order to continue practicing. Thus, the use of medicinal substances is not reproach or sensual desire, but careful care in accordance with the noble Dharma. This text reflects the balance between renouncing ambition concerning the body and recognizing the basic need to care for health.
Main Content
The five medicines (Bhesajja) designated by the Blessed One are requisites permitted for use without being counted as a violation of the discipline. They include:
First: Ghee - a clarified fat widely used in ancient Ayurvedic medicine, with nourishing properties for the body.
Second: Oil (Taila) - including natural oils from seeds, used for massage and for treating wounds or skin ailments.
Third: Honey (Madhu) - a precious substance with natural antibacterial properties, used to treat respiratory and digestive illnesses.
Fourth: Palm Sugar (Khanda) - a sweet substance made from palm sugar, helping the body maintain energy and supporting health.
Fifth: Salt (Lavaṇa) - having properties that help balance bodily fluids and support digestion.
These medicines are permitted when necessary, but only for the purpose of curing illness, not for sensual enjoyment or craving. This distinction is foundational to the discipline of Theravāda Buddhism.
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