Lzh Sarv Bu Pm 2 Pc 16Throwing Out a Monastic

Throwing a Bhikkhu Out of a Dwelling

Nikkaḍḍhana | Lzh Sarv Bu Pm 2 Pc 16
Comparative Vinaya — Chinese · Sectarian Canonical Tradition

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Source Status

This scripture item belongs to the Comparative Vinaya — Chinese, within a tradition of sectarian materials systematically compared. The full Chinese source text of this specific rule, marked Lzh Sarv Bu Pm 2 Pc 16, has not yet been directly collated to provide a full textual citation. Therefore, the explanation below is not a translation of the original scripture, does not reproduce the Buddha’s specific words, and does not add details beyond the scope of the confirmed descriptive information. The content is presented at a general level, based on the title, the Pāli term, and its position within the system of disciplinary classification.

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Background

The designation Lzh Sarv Bu Pm 2 Pc 16 indicates that this is the sixteenth rule in the Pācittiya group, belonging to the second section of the code for bhikkhus, according to the Chinese transmission of the Sarvāstivāda school. The Ba-dật-đề, Pācittiya, group consists of offenses that can be confessed and cleared through the procedure of disclosure before the Sangha. They do not belong to the most serious kinds of violation in the system of training rules, but they still require careful observance in order to maintain purity in communal residence and harmony within the Sangha.

The Pāli name of this rule is Nikkaḍḍhana, whose basic meaning is "dragging out" or "expulsion, driving away." The Vietnamese title identified through the descriptive information is Đuổi Tỳ-kheo Ra Khỏi Trú Xứ, corresponding to the English title Throwing Out a Monastic. This title suggests the direct content of the rule: coercive or rough conduct in forcing a bhikkhu to leave a dwelling (āvāsa), a lawful residence within the scope of the Sangha.

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Content Determinable from the Descriptive Information

Based on the title and its position in the system of classification, this rule concerns the act of compelling or expelling a bhikkhu from a dwelling in an improper manner. In the context of bhikkhu discipline, a dwelling is a living space offered by the Sangha or by an individual donor, and the use, sharing, or leaving of a dwelling must follow clear rules of communal residence.

The conduct regulated here may include a bhikkhu’s arbitrary use of force, authority, or improper means to compel a fellow practitioner to leave, without going through a valid Sangha procedure such as a formal act (kammavācā). This is the kind of conduct that violates the principle of harmonious communal dwelling, one of the fundamental pillars of the renunciant life in Buddhism.

The appearance of this rule in the Sarvāstivāda Vinaya and its inclusion in the Comparative Vinaya system reflects a scholarly effort to compare Vinaya transmissions among multiple schools, clarifying both agreement and difference in the ways early monastic communities developed rules for living together.

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Meaning for Practice and Study

This rule reminds those gone forth of a basic principle: no one in the Sangha has the right to act arbitrarily toward the life and dwelling space of another. The harmony (sāmaggī) of the Sangha is protected not only by preventing disputes or doctrinal disagreements, but also by ensuring that every member is treated according to the Dharma and the Vinaya in all matters, including decisions that seem purely material, such as residence.

In the spirit of practice, this also points to the lesson of nonviolence in mind and action (ahiṃsā). Using strength or authority to impose one’s will on another, even on a fellow monastic, is an expression of self-clinging and anger not yet subdued. One who studies and practices the discipline does not merely avoid outward misconduct, but also contemplates the mind so as not to nourish tendencies to control, exclude, or oppress others.

Moreover, this rule has protective value for bhikkhus in weaker positions within the community, those newly gone forth, with fewer rains, or from elsewhere, so that they are not treated unjustly by those with greater power or prestige. This is evidence of the spirit of equality in the Dharma that Buddhism always upholds: all members of the Sangha are equally protected by the law.

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Comparative Note

Because the full Chinese source text of the rule Lzh Sarv Bu Pm 2 Pc 16 has not yet been directly collated within the scope of the available material, any detailed explanation of the conditions for committing the offense, exceptions, and specific confession procedure should be checked directly against the corresponding Chinese canonical text of the Sarvāstivāda school. Researchers may also consult parallel Vinaya transmissions of other schools to clarify further the meaning and scope of application of this rule within the broader historical picture of Buddhist Vinaya.