Lzh Sarv Bi Pm Pc 154Abusing Monks

Explanation of the Bhikkhuakkosana Sutra (The Sutra on Abusing Monks)

Background

The Bhikkhuakkosana Sutra is a rule belonging to the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda Buddhist tradition, included in the Pācittiya, prohibitions leading to temporary expiation. This rule is recorded in the context of the Blessed One teaching the Sangha about actions harmful to the place of practice and the monastic community.

According to the tradition of the Pāli Canon, the pācittiya rules were initiated by the Blessed One when specific situations arose. This text concerns the problem of one bhikkhu criticizing, reviling, or insulting another bhikkhu. Such action violates the spirit of harmony, compassion, and respect within the Sangha, which is the foundation of the community.

Main Content

The text stipulates that if a bhikkhu mistakenly criticizes or reviles another bhikkhu without legitimate basis, or does so with a mind of anger, jealousy, or a desire to belittle him, this is a pācittiya offense. “Criticism” (akkosana) here is not merely firm speech, but abusive words, insults to character, or groundless accusations.

The rule emphasizes a distinction: criticism that has a basis and is carried out with compassion in order to teach or correct is not an offense. The core is intention (cetanā). If the intention is compassionate and aimed at helping another develop in the path, then the act is lawful. Conversely, if the motive is to cause pain, damage reputation, or seek personal gain, then it is a violation.

Temporary expiation (pācittiya) means that the bhikkhu must acknowledge the offense to a fellow practitioner and perform this expiation publicly before the Sangha if necessary, in order to restore his own purity (pārisuddhī) and the community’s trust.

Practical Meaning

The Bhikkhuakkosana Sutra directs us to recognize the power of speech and the intention behind it.