Lzh Mu Bi Pm Pj 7Siding With One Ejected
Pāli / Sanskrit:Ukkhittānuvattikā
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Ukkhittānuvattikā Sutta: Siding with One Who Has Been Expelled
Background
The Ukkhittānuvattikā Sutta (Siding with One Who Has Been Expelled) is found in the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Theravāda Buddhist tradition and reflects the profound disciplinary regulations of the Sangha. This text deals with a complex situation in the monastic community: the case of a bhikkhu or bhikkhunī who has been expelled (ukkhitta) from the Sangha because of serious violations of the rules, and others who attempt to “side with” that person or continue maintaining relations with them even after exclusion.
The historical context of the Vinaya Piṭaka belongs to the early days after the Buddha entered nirvana, when the Sangha needed to establish clear rules for communal living in order to maintain the unity and purity of the monastic community. These regulations were not arbitrary punishments, but necessary measures to protect the Dharma and the integrity of the monastery.
Main Content
The Ukkhittānuvattikā Sutta addresses the ethical and disciplinary issue that arises when a member of the Sangha has been expelled. The word ukkhitta means “thrown out” or “excluded,” and usually occurs when someone violates the Pārājika offenses or Saṅghādisesa offenses requiring the action of the whole Sangha, and cannot properly amend or accept the matter.
The text teaches that other monastics should not anuvattati — side with, support, or defend — the one who has been expelled. Siding with an expelled person is regarded as a weak act that divides the Sangha (saṅghabheda), one of the acts considered especially grave. This is not because the Sangha is heartless or cruel, but because maintaining a pure community of practice requires unity and adherence to shared rules.
The expelled person has an opportunity to amend through parivāsa (public probation) or mānatta (disciplinary penance), but during that time others must not support them or create conditions for them to evade the consequences of the offense.
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