Lzh Dg Bu Pm 2 Ss 13Difficult to Correct
Pāli / Sanskrit:Dubbaca
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Dubbaca Sutta (Difficult to Correct) — Commentary
Background
The Dubbaca Sutta belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Pāli Canon, the most ancient preserved body of the Buddha’s Dharma. The Vinaya Piṭaka is a collection of rules of correction and discipline within the Sangha, the community of bhikkhus and bhikkhunīs. This scripture is titled “Dubbaca” (Pāli: dubbaca = difficult to correct, difficult to tame), referring to actions or traits that are hard to remedy and require serious intervention from the Sangha community.
In the context of the early monastery, the Buddha established rules of conduct to maintain harmony and discipline. These Vinaya scriptures were not arbitrary impositions, but resulted from specific events: when a bhikkhu violated a rule or acted unworthily, the Buddha established an appropriate regulation. The Dubbaca Sutta focuses on situations involving individuals of difficult character, who refuse to listen to advice or repeatedly violate regulations.
Main Content
The specific content of this scripture has not yet been fully translated, but according to the general context of the Vinaya Piṭaka, Dubbaca concerns difficult cases in the management of the Sangha. Being “difficult to correct” may refer to bhikkhus who behave without humility, fail to respect those of competence, or refuse to accept decisions of the community.
According to the Theravāda tradition, dealing with difficult-to-train individuals is not punishment in the modern sense, but an educational means. The Sangha uses measures such as “Tajjaniya” (censure), “Niyata” (formal decision), or even “Parivāsa” (a probationary period) to help the individual recognize mistakes and correct conduct. The Dubbaca Sutta clearly emphasizes that even those difficult to correct still have the opportunity for leniency if they show sincere remorse.
The basic principle is: communal harmony (Sangha-sammatā) is higher than an individual’s way of handling matters.
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