Lzh Dg Bi Pm Sk 89Low Seats

The Nīcāsana Sutra (Low Seats)

Context

The Nīcāsana Sutra is part of the Vinaya Piṭaka in the Theravāda Buddhadharma tradition, specifically within the Pāli Canon. These are rules related to the discipline of the Sangha, especially regulations concerning the conduct and outward bearing of bhikkhus in the life of practice.

The sutra takes its title from the Pāli word "Nīcāsana," meaning low or humble seats. In the Vinaya Piṭaka context, this is not a sutra teaching Dharma, but a disciplinary rule, a specific regulation promulgated by the Buddha to maintain discipline and dignity in the Sangha. These regulations were recorded after the Buddha observed that some bhikkhus engaged in conduct that was unsuitable or lacking in spiritual propriety according to Buddhism.

The Vinaya Piṭaka, in general, is regarded as the foundation of the Buddhist order. It was established not to punish, but to protect the purity, harmony, and development of the Sangha. Each rule has an accompanying story (aniruddha), explaining why it was established.

Main Content

The Nīcāsana Sutra revolves around regulations concerning bodily attitude and the manner of sitting of bhikkhus. "Low seat" here is not merely a physical position, but also indicates an attitude of humility and modesty in the discipline of practice.

According to the Theravāda Vinaya Piṭaka, bhikkhus are advised to sit in lower places, not to seek high seats, and to avoid ease-seeking or self-satisfaction. This reflects a basic principle of Buddhism: there should be no arrogance or conceit. Sitting low is also an expression of respect and humility, especially in situations involving elder bhikkhus or those of higher virtue.

This rule may also relate to conduct in Sangha meetings or when interacting with those outside the order.