Lzh Dg Bi Pm Sk 57Shoes

The Pāduka Sutra (Shoes) — A Theravāda Explanation

Context

The Pāduka Sutra is found in the Vinaya Piṭaka, especially in the Bhikkhu Pātimokkha section (the disciplinary rules for bhikkhus), an essential part of the Theravāda tradition. The Vinaya Piṭaka is not merely a collection of strict rules, but the concrete expression of ethical intention in daily life and practice. The Pāduka Sutra addresses a matter that seems minor - the use of shoes and sandals - yet in fact reflects a profound principle concerning Sangha discipline and respect for moral conduct.

The historical formation of rules in the Vinaya Piṭaka is connected with the arising of unsuitable behavior within the monastic community. When specific problems appeared, the Buddha would establish corresponding rules while also teaching the deeper ethical reason behind each regulation. The Pāduka Sutra is a typical example of this method.

Main Content

According to the Pāli tradition, this sutra concerns bhikkhus wearing shoes and sandals casually, without observing regulations regarding time and place. The central issue is not whether shoes and sandals are good or bad, but lack of mindfulness, lack of discipline, and lack of respect for the community of practice.

The Buddha taught that bhikkhus should dress and live simply, using only necessary requisites. Shoes and sandals should be used appropriately, such as when passing through unsafe terrain or in harsh weather. However, wearing shoes or sandals unnecessarily, especially during sacred actions such as entering a Buddha hall or during walking meditation, is a sign of negligence and lack of reverence.

This regulation is also related to the distinction between bhikkhus and laypeople. A bhikkhu has gone forth, renouncing excessive material needs; therefore, using shoes and sandals in a showy manner is not in accord with the ascetic ideal.