Bu Sk 6161. Wearing shoes
Pāli / Sanskrit:Pāduka
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THE DISCOURSE ON SANDALS (Pāduka)
Background
The Pāduka (Sandals) discourse is found in the Vinaya Piṭaka, belonging to the code of training rules for monastics of Theravāda Buddhism. This section records the regulations concerning the clothing and requisites of the Sangha, intended to maintain discipline and the practice of simplicity. In the Theravāda tradition, the Vinaya Piṭaka is regarded as the foundation of ethics and monastic discipline—not merely a set of formal rules, but also an expression of the wisdom and compassion of the Buddha.
The background of this discourse typically concerns specific incidents within the monastic community. When problems arose regarding the manner of using or wearing sandals, the Buddha established appropriate regulations. Although the rules concerning sandals may appear trivial, they in fact reflect the philosophy of practice in Theravāda Buddhism: simplicity, moderation, and the avoidance of waste and conceit.
Main Content
According to the records in the Vinaya Piṭaka, the rules on sandals (pāduka) prescribe the manner in which monastics should or should not wear sandals in various circumstances. Specifically, sandals that are permitted for use must conform to certain characteristics: they must not be too thick, not too ornate, not lavishly decorated, and must be befitting the humble life of one who has gone forth.
The Buddha did not absolutely prohibit the wearing of sandals, understanding that in certain circumstances—such as walking on rough ground, hot sand, or in areas presenting physical danger—sandals may be necessary. However, monastics should not make use of luxurious sandals, embossed sandals, or those that are elaborately adorned, as this is contrary to the spirit of monastic practice. These rules also apply to accompanying items such as the cords used to fasten sandals.
The discourse makes clear that should any monastic violate these regulations—such as by wearing sandals exceeding the prescribed height, or by using materials of excessive value—this would be regarded as a transgression against the ruling of the Buddha, and the monastic concerned would be subject to the consequences prescribed by the Sangha.
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