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An Explanation of Toh 2183, a Tengyur Treatise
Context
The scripture Toh 2183 belongs to the treatise class (śāstra) in the Tengyur of the Northern Tibetan Mahāyāna tradition, consisting of works that explain and develop the teachings of the Buddhadharma after the time of the Buddha. The Tengyur contains more than three thousand treatises by schools and Mahāyāna noble sages, reflecting the profound development of the Buddhadharma over the centuries.
Although the original title has not been fully identified, Toh 2183 lies in the context of Madhyamaka or Yogācāra treatises, the two principal philosophical schools of the Northern Tibetan Mahāyāna. Such works often focus on analyzing the nature of reality, the relation between mind and the external world, or issues concerning wisdom and skillful means (upāya).
The context of composition may date from approximately the fourth to seventh centuries in India, when the corpora of the Buddhadharma were being systematized into profound treatises to teach disciples practicing according to the bodhisattva path.
Main Content
The Tengyur treatises are a treasury of teachings that includes commentaries (bhāṣya) and independent works (śāstra) intended to clarify various aspects of the Buddhadharma. These treatises often explore such issues as:
The Nature of Reality: Do all phenomena possess inherent nature (svabhāva), or not? The Madhyamaka school of Nāgārjuna, its founder, argues that all dharmas are without inherent nature and exist only by causes and conditions (pratītyasamutpāda). This runs counter to the common view that objects exist independently.
Mind and Cognition: The Yogācāra school points out that the whole of our experience is constituted by mind. This does not mean that mind is unreal, but that the way we perceive "subject" and "object" is mistaken. This distinction is only a formation accumulated in the mind.
The Bodhisattva Path: The treatises emphasize that the Mahāyāna path is a path for all sentient beings, not only for the individual.
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