Xct Mu Bi Ss 19Difficult to Correct
Pāli / Sanskrit:Dubbaca
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The Discourse on Being Difficult to Correct (Dubbaca)
Background
The Dubbaca discourse is found in the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Early Buddhist tradition, specifically in the Suttavibhaṅga section of the Bhikkhunī Pātimokkha. This is the body of rules prescribed for female monastics (bhikkhunīs), expressing the concern of early Buddhism for disciplined and ethical cultivation within the religious community.
The historical background of this discourse is connected with the Blessed Buddha's admission of women into the Sangha, a decision of deep significance in religious history. The rules were established not to restrict or discriminate, but to protect welfare, foster spiritual development, and maintain harmony in the monastic community (Saṅgha).
Main Content
The term "Dubbaca" (難調伏 - difficult to correct, difficult to tame) refers to monastics or situations that are difficult to amend, not easy to discipline or harmonize. In the context of the Vinaya Piṭaka, Dubbaca concerns the conduct or character of monastics that the Saṅgha finds difficult to regulate or instruct.
This discourse often refers to regulations on how to deal with monastics who do not listen to admonition, refuse to correct improper conduct, or deliberately violate monastic discipline. Such cases require the entire Saṅgha to undertake various disciplinary measures.
The Blessed Buddha instructed that the correction of such conduct must be carried out with compassion, not punishment or anger. The final purpose is to help the monastic return to the proper path of practice (magga). The methods of handling range from gentle admonition (anusāsanā) to stricter measures such as temporary isolation (pabbājanīya kamma), or even removal from the Saṅgha if the person cannot be corrected.
Practical Meaning
The lasting value of Dubbaca lies in its emphasis that the monastic community is not an independent organization without mechanisms of self-regulation.
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