Mpt Pc 24Giving Robes

The Scripture on Giving Robes (Cīvaradāna)

Background

The Scripture on Giving Robes belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka, specifically within the section of the Pātimokkha, the fundamental rules of discipline for bhikkhus. In the Theravāda tradition, the Vinaya Piṭaka records events that took place within the monastic community during the time of the Buddha Śākyamuni, in which bhikkhus violated the rules of conduct, and the Blessed One accordingly set forth precepts to uphold the discipline and purity of the Saṅgha.

This scripture concerns the giving of robes to bhikkhus, a matter of practical importance in the life of spiritual cultivation. Robes are not merely personal possessions; they also represent cleanliness, dignity, and respect for the Three Jewels. For this reason, the use, care, and bestowal of robes are regulated in detail so as to prevent actions incompatible with Buddhist ethics.

Principal Content

Within the context of the Vinaya Piṭaka, the matter of giving robes is handled with the utmost care. The Buddha did not permit bhikkhus to receive or give robes arbitrarily, as such actions could give rise to unwholesome attitudes such as greed, self-interest, or the diversion of the Saṅgha's material resources to personal ends.

According to the established principle, a bhikkhu may possess at most three robes—the Uttarāsaṅga, the Antaravāsaka, and the Saṃghāṭī. Should a bhikkhu receive robes beyond the stipulated number, he must offer them to the Saṅgha or entrust them to a fellow practitioner for safekeeping. He may not retain them exclusively for himself or use them for purposes of trade.

Furthermore, the giving of robes must follow the formal procedures of the Saṅgha. A bhikkhu may give robes to another through a formal declaration made before the Saṅgha or through persons duly authorized. Failure to observe this procedure gives rise to disputes and disorder within the community.