San Mu Bu Pm GBM 2 Ss 11Following a Schismatic
Pāli / Sanskrit:Bhedānuvattaka
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The Bhedānuvattaka Sutta (Following Those Who Cause Division)
Context
The Bhedānuvattaka Sutta lies within the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Pāli Canon, specifically in the Samantapāsādikā, the detailed disciplinary commentary. This is a section of disciplinary education concerning division of the Sangha (Sangha bheda), one of the most serious issues in the Theravāda Buddhist tradition.
This context arises from historical conflicts concerning the teaching or discipline among disciples. When there is disagreement of view, if a group of bhikkhus deliberately separates from the official Sangha and establishes a separate group, this is called "division" (bheda). This sutta teaches about the consequences of following those who cause this division, as well as how laypeople and other bhikkhus should respond.
Main Content
In the tradition of the Vinaya Piṭaka, anyone who follows those who cause division must bear disciplinary consequences. The sutta teaches that following a schismatic group is not merely a personal choice, but an action with ethical consequences (kammic consequence) and an effect on the community of practice.
The sutta emphasizes that the Buddha and eminent religious teachers warned of the dangers of division. A unified Sangha is the foundation of the Buddha Dharma, where practice can take place harmoniously and effectively. When unity is broken, the entire community of practice encounters difficulty.
Those who follow people causing division are regarded as accomplices, because they support and sustain that division. Therefore, they must observe disciplinary regulations and may not be permitted to participate in official activities of the Sangha until the division has been reconciled.
Practical Meaning
The Bhedānuvattaka Sutta is not only a historical rule, but carries deep practical meaning. In the context of modern Buddhism, although different schools have existed for centuries, the core lesson remains: unity in the aim of liberation and mutual respect are essential.
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