Upp Sk 55Walking Behind

Explanation of the Pacchatogamana Sutta (Walking Behind)

Background

The Pacchatogamana Sutta belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka of the Pāli Canon, in the Upponnatha Skandhaka section of supplementary regulations. This is one of the minor texts prescribing Sangha discipline related to conduct and respectful attitude among bhikkhus and bhikkhunīs in the Buddha’s Dharma.

The period in which this text was compiled was the early stage of the Buddhist Sangha, when the Vinaya rules were being developed to maintain harmony, discipline, and mutual respect. The historical context shows that the Buddhist elders clearly recognized that even small actions carry deep significance regarding ethics and spiritual attitude.

The title “Pacchatogamana” is translated as “Walking Behind,” referring to actions, posture, and bodily demeanor when walking behind another person, especially behind teachers, those of higher virtue, or revered members of the Sangha.

Main Content

This sutta prescribes that when a bhikkhu or bhikkhunī walks behind a senior or a respected member of the Sangha, certain things must be observed. These principles include keeping an appropriate distance, not covering the head of the one walking ahead, not walking too near or too far, and always maintaining a courteous attitude, showing respect with every step.

It is noteworthy that the sutta does not regulate only physical action, but also reflects a deep spiritual foundation. “Walking behind” (pacchatogamana) symbolizes humility, reliance upon the guidance of those who have gone before, and acceptance of one’s place as a learner on the path of practice.

The specific regulations in this sutta also relate to common situations: walking far enough not to soil the person ahead with dust, but near enough to hear instructions or requests; not covering the teacher’s head when walking behind, except when necessary, such as in the rain; and maintaining a solemn attitude throughout the entire process.