Lzh Sarv Bu Vb Pc 85Beds and Benches
Pāli / Sanskrit:Mañcapīṭha
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DISCOURSE ON BEDS AND BENCHES (Mañcapīṭha)
Background
Mañcapīṭha (Beds and Benches) is a rule in the Pātimokkha, the fundamental code of the monastic Vinaya (Bhikkhu Vinaya). This discourse is found in the Pācittiya section, a group of ninety-two rules concerning lighter faults requiring confession. It is not an independent discourse but part of the Vinaya Piṭaka, the foundation of Buddhist discipline in the Theravāda tradition.
The background for the arising of this rule comes from specific incidents in the monastic community during the Buddha’s time. Bhikkhus sometimes stored luxurious objects, especially high and large beds and seats, used for comfort and amusement. This was contrary to the humble and simple spirit of the life of practice. Therefore, the Buddha restricted the possession of overly luxurious furniture.
Main Content
The Mañcapīṭha rule states that a bhikkhu must not store beds or seats whose size or features exceed the standard. Specifically, beds higher than eight spans, about 1.6 meters, and chairs or tables with legs higher than the prescribed measure are considered luxurious objects, unsuitable for a humble way of life.
The content of this rule does not entirely forbid bhikkhus from possessing beds and seats, but only forbids possessing excessive objects serving bodily pleasure. Simple, ordinary beds and seats may still be used for rest, which is necessary for the restoration of health. However, they must not be decorated, thickly cushioned, or shaped in a way suggesting luxury.
Violating this rule, possessing and using beds or seats beyond the limit, is a Pācittiya offense. This means that the bhikkhu must confess before another bhikkhu and must relinquish the improper object. It is not a very grave offense like a Pārājika, but it is still a warning sign of falling into desire for material things.
Practical Meaning
Mañcapīṭha is not only an administrative rule, but a concrete expression of the Middle Way, avoiding extremes on both sides: neither excessive austerity nor self-indulgence in pleasure.
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