Lzh Sarv Bi Pm Dh Pc 86Throwing Out a Monastic

Throwing Out a Monastic (Nikkaḍḍhana)

Comparative Vinaya — Chinese · Lzh Sarv Bi Pm Dh Pc 86

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Source Status

This entry belongs to the Comparative Vinaya — Chinese corpus in the Sectarian Scriptures section and is identified by the code Lzh Sarv Bi Pm Dh Pc 86. At present, the corresponding full Chinese source text has not been directly collated in the system’s database; therefore this presentation is not a translation of the original scripture and does not reproduce the original wording in any form. What is presented below is based entirely on the supplied descriptive information, combined with general understanding of the structure of sectarian Vinaya texts and related terminology. Readers who wish to consult the precise source should turn to the original textual materials corresponding to this sectarian tradition.

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Background

The Pāli title Nikkaḍḍhana literally means “pulling out,” “driving away,” or “removing from a dwelling.” The English title Throwing Out a Monastic and the Vietnamese title Đuổi Một Vị Tu Sĩ both faithfully reflect the content of the regulated action: driving out or expelling a renunciant from a residence, room, or dwelling place within the Sangha community.

This item belongs to the Pācittiya group of the bhikkhunī precepts, as shown by the designation Bi Pm Dh Pc, in which Bi indicates bhikkhunī, Pm relates to the Pātimokkha, Dh suggests the Dharma/Dhamma category in the Vinaya context, and Pc abbreviates Pācittiya, that is, the lighter class of precepts belonging to the group requiring confession. The number 86 shows that this is the 86th rule in the list of Pācittiya rules for bhikkhunīs according to this Chinese version of the sectarian tradition.

The sectarian tradition identified by the code Sarv is the Sarvāstivāda, one of the major Buddhist schools of the sectarian period, especially influential in Central Asia and preserved extensively through Chinese and Sanskrit texts.

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Content Determinable from the Descriptive Information

Based on the title and its position within the structure of the precept code, this rule likely regulates the conduct of a bhikkhunī who drives out or expels another monastic, perhaps another bhikkhunī or a member of the Sangha, from a room, cell, or common residence in the monastery without a valid reason or without the permission of the Sangha.

In sectarian Vinaya texts generally, rules related to expelling or driving someone out often set a clear boundary between:

• Authority that may be granted by the Sangha through a formal act (karma/kammavācā) in cases of official discipline;
• And the unilateral action of an individual arising from anger, dispute, or lack of respect for the collective procedure of the Sangha.

When the act belongs to the second type, that is, personally driving another away without the approval of the community, it is classified as a precept offense and must be confessed. This reflects a fundamental principle of monastic law: important decisions related to communal life must be handled collectively, not decided by one individual alone.

Because the full text has not been collated, the exact conditions of the offense cannot be confirmed, such as who the expelled person is, what the circumstances are, or the degree of the violation; nevertheless, the Vinaya context and the title provide a sufficient foundation for orientation.

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Meaning for Practice

This rule reminds renunciants, especially bhikkhunīs in this context, of one of the core virtues of Sangha life: harmony and mutual respect in the community of practice. Driving out another monastic is not only an act that injures an individual, but also an action that damages the harmony (sāmaggī) of the Sangha, one of the prerequisites for the healthy existence and development of the Buddha-Dharma.

From the perspective of practice, this rule is also a reminder about subtle psychology: the act of driving someone away often arises from anger, contempt, or the wish to control. Recognizing this root is the first step for a monastic to practice equanimity (upekkhā) and compassion (karuṇā) in daily life. The Vinaya is not only a fence of prohibition but also a mirror reflecting the state of the inner mind.

Furthermore, the principle of formal Sangha acts, that all collective decisions must pass through the Sangha’s procedure, teaches practitioners to bow before the community, knowing that authority does not belong to the individual but to the Dharma and Vinaya. This is the foundation of a civilized and sustainable renunciant life.

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Collation Notes

• The full Chinese source text of this rule has not been directly collated in the system; all analysis above is based only on descriptive information and general knowledge of the structure of sectarian Vinaya texts.
• The term Nikkaḍḍhana is the Pāli title; the Sarvāstivāda tradition is preserved mainly in Chinese, sometimes with Sanskrit parallels.
• Specialized researchers should consult directly the original-language textual materials of the Sarvāstivāda tradition for a complete and precise understanding of this rule.