Lzh Mu Bu Pm Sk 22Lowered Eyes (2nd)
Pāli / Sanskrit:Dutiyaokkhittacakkhu
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Entering Properly Sutta (Second) - Dutiyaokkhittacakkhu
Context
This sutta belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka, especially the Pātimokkha section, or basic rules of training of the Buddhist Sangha. The title “Entering Properly, Second” (Dutiyaokkhittacakkhu) relates to an event in the historical formation of disciplinary rules. The direct context is the early period of the Sangha after the Buddha Gotama’s awakening, when standards of conduct were still being formed in order to maintain diligence in practice.
The term “okkhittacakkhu” (entering properly, or drawing the eyes downward) describes a situation related to concentration of mind and the control of the sense faculties, a key factor in Buddhist ethics. This sutta records the events and reasons that led the Buddha to establish or refine a specific rule of training.
Main Content
Although the detailed content of this sutta has not yet been fully translated in the present material, based on the general context of the Vinaya Piṭaka and the disciplinary rules, this sutta concerns the control of visual sense experience (cakkhu, the eye). In the Theravāda tradition, “guarding the sense doors” (indriyasaṁvara) is the foundation of ethical conduct.
Specifically, this sutta may record an incident in which a monk or bhikkhu failed to control his gaze, perhaps looking inappropriately, becoming absorbed in external images, or violating the spirit of concentration. The Buddha or the Sangha recognized the need to establish a clear rule concerning this. The “second” rule suggests that this was a time when the Buddha or the Sangha had to repeat or supplement the rule because of continuing violations.
The basic principle is that a practitioner should “keep the eyes down,” that is, not allow the eyes to wander over too many objects, but maintain awareness and restraint, looking only at what is necessary for the practice of the path. This reflects the philosophy that the five senses are entrances for craving (taṇhā) and ignorance (avidyā).
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