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An Exposition of Toh 4260 from the Tengyur—The Northern Mahayana Tradition
Background
Toh 4260 is a treatise contained in the Tengyur—the Collection of Treatises of the Tibetan Buddhist tradition. The Tengyur is a collection of exegetical works and commentaries by noble sages on the scriptures that have been transmitted. In the context of the Northern Mahayana tradition, these treatises reflect the profound understanding of Indian and Tibetan masters concerning the bodhisattva Dharma gateway—the path to awakening for all sentient beings.
Although the title has not been clearly preserved in the available materials, treatises in the Tengyur commonly focus on fundamental aspects of the Mahayana: the Four Noble Truths, the nature of mind (Citta), emptiness (Śūnyatā), or the bodhisattva’s path of practice. They are creative works by great patriarchs such as Asaṅga, Vasubandhu, and Nāgārjuna, or by Tibetan scholars such as Je Tsongkhapa.
Main Content
Treatises in the Tengyur commonly analyze and clarify subtle points of the Buddhadharma through three principal aims: first, to explain the correct meaning of the scriptures; second, to eliminate mistaken understandings; and third, to indicate a concrete path of practice.
Within the Mahayana tradition, Toh 4260 may focus on one of its central issues: emptiness is not annihilation, but a clear understanding that all phenomena lack intrinsic nature (dharma-sunyata). Through this understanding, the bodhisattva clings neither to concepts of existence nor nonexistence, but develops the Knowledge of All Aspects (Sarvakara-jnana)—comprehensive knowledge.
Alternatively, this treatise may examine the stages through which the mind develops in practice by way of the Five Paths (Marga): the Path of Accumulation, the Path of Preparation, the Path of Seeing (Darsana-marga), the Path of Cultivation (Bhavana-marga), and the Path of No More Learning (Asaiksa-marga). Each stage requires the transformation of the mind from delusion to clarity and from error to right knowledge.
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