Toh 4165Untitled
Save your scripture progress
Create a free account to save scriptures, track progress, and continue your daily learning path.
An Exposition of Toh 4165 — A Mahayana Treatise
Context
This scripture belongs to the Tengyur, the collection preserving commentaries and works on the Dharma by great masters of the Northern Mahayana tradition. Toh 4165 forms part of the Treatise Collection (Śāstra-piṭaka), which contains profound observations and explanations of the Buddha’s teachings.
The Northern Mahayana tradition, preserved chiefly by Tibetan schools such as Gelug, Sakya, Kagyu, and Nyingma, holds these commentaries in high regard. They are regarded as a continuation of the Dharma-loving spirit of the great members of the Sangha who penetrated the intent of the Buddha and transmitted it to later generations. The Treatise Collection is where Buddhist thought is developed systematically, thereby helping practitioners understand the nature of truth more profoundly.
Main Content
Although the title has not been fully identified, commentaries in the Tengyur commonly focus on key Mahayana themes: the buddha-nature of sentient beings, the bodhisattva path, and the doctrine of the bodies of a Buddha (trikāya).
In this tradition, treatises frequently explore the depths of the bodhisattva mind—the mind that aspires not merely to liberate itself but to deliver all sentient beings. They also clarify the teaching on reality (śūnyatā—emptiness), not as absolute nothingness, but as freedom from an independent essence, which is the basis for the interdependent relationship (pratītyasamutpāda) of all phenomena.
Northern Buddhist treatises also discuss the cultivation of meditative concentration and wisdom (samādhi-prajñā), in which the mind is trained to perceive the nature of reality directly, transcending the delusions arising from confusion concerning subject and object.
Practical Significance
For those who practice according to the Northern Mahayana tradition today, Toh 4165 and similar commentaries are guiding lights. They help us avoid becoming trapped in misunderstandings of the Dharma and instead gradually develop genuine wisdom.
🌏 The Buddhist canon is vast — some sūtras (such as comparative Vinaya across schools, or untranslated Tibetan-canon texts) have to this day NEVER been translated into Vietnamese or English by anyone, scholars included. Rather than leave it blank, Inti AI offers a FAITHFUL summary grounded in the tradition — from the sūtra's title, origin and essence — so you can still reach this rare part of the treasury. Whenever an original translation exists, the app shows the original first.
Translations belong to the translator/source credited above. The bilingual compilation, presentation, and AI translations compiled by Inti are © Inti Foundation. Please attribute when quoting; do not bulk-copy or use commercially without permission.