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An Explanation of Toh 4114 — A Treatise in the Tengyur
Background
Toh 4114 is a treatise belonging to the Tengyur (Bstan ’gyur), corresponding to the collection of explanatory treatises in the Northern Mahayana tradition. The Tengyur contains more than 3,600 treatises composed by Indian kings, bodhisattvas, and sages to explain the scriptures spoken by the Buddha, particularly profound Mahayana scriptures such as the Lotus Sutra, the Avataṃsaka Sutra, and the Treatise on Non-Emptiness.
This scripture was composed within the context of the Tibetan tradition of studying and practicing the Dharma, when Tibetan scholars received the Dharma from India and developed distinctive systems of practice. The Tengyur does not contain the Buddha’s direct words, but rather treatises that extol and profoundly explain the scriptures, helping practitioners understand the deep intent of the Dharma.
In the Tibetan Mahayana tradition, such treatises are regarded as precious guides for practitioners following the bodhisattva path, especially on the basis of a clear understanding of emptiness (śūnyatā) and boundless compassion (karuṇā).
Main Content
Although the detailed title has not been fully provided, as a treatise in the Tengyur, Toh 4114 very likely concerns one of the central themes of the Northern Tibetan Mahayana tradition: the theory of mind (cittamātra), the nature of perception or the storehouse consciousness (ālaya-vijñāna), or factors related to practice along the bodhisattva path.
These treatises often explore profoundly how the mind creates the entirety of our world, how the nature of reality is understood in the Dharma, and how a practitioner can attain liberation through practice. They may also discuss the relationship between knowledge (jñāna) and ignorance (avidyā), or the stages of practice on the path to enlightenment.
The treatises in the Tengyur are founded upon the profound theories of Madhyamaka, the Middle Way, and Yogācāra, Mind-Only, the two most important schools of Buddhist philosophy in the Mahayana.
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