Toh 1544Untitled
Exposition of the Tengyur Scripture Toh 1544 — The Mahayana Tradition of the Northern Transmission
Context
Toh 1544 belongs to the Tengyur — a collection of treatises by bodhisattvas and Buddhist scholars in the Mahayana tradition of the Northern Transmission. The Tengyur is the section of commentarial works, interpreting the scriptures from the perspective of the lofty Buddhadharma, with particular focus on the bodhisattva path — the path of practice directed toward liberation for the benefit of beings.
This scripture was composed within the context of the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, where Nalanda — the ancient Buddhist center of learning — nurtured outstanding scholars such as Vasubandhu, Dignaga, and Dharmakirti. The works in the Tengyur are the result of translation activity and doctrinal development from the eighth to the thirteenth century, when Tibetan Buddhism formed its distinctive system of thought and practice.
In this context, the scripture Toh 1544 plays the role of clarifying profound aspects of the Mahayana Dharma approach, especially those related to the theory and practice of the bodhisattva path.
Main Content
Although the specific title has not been fully translated, in the Tengyur tradition this scripture generally focuses on core themes: the nature of mind (citta), the way cognition functions (jñāna), and the relationship between perception and ultimate reality (paramarthāsatya).
Treatises in the Tengyur emphasize that mind — not the physical mind or the unconscious mind — is the very basis on which beings wander in saṃsāra. Mind is described as lucid and clear (prakāśa), but obscured by mental defilements (kleśa) such as greed, hatred, and delusion.
The scripture emphasizes that the bodhisattva must understand this mechanism in order to find the path of liberation not only for oneself but for all beings. The method of practice consists of three stages: (1) hearing the Dharma (śravaṇa), (2) reflecting on the Dharma (manana), and (3) meditating on the Dharma (bhāvanā) — from which one realizes emptiness (śūnyatā) in actuality.
In particular, the Northern Transmission through the Tengyur emphasizes the role of logical reasoning (pramāṇa) in practice.
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