Lzh Sarv Bi Pm Pc 33Hitting
Pāli / Sanskrit:Pahāra
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PAHĀRA SCRIPTURE (THE ACT OF HITTING)
Background
The Pahāra scripture is part of the Vinaya Piṭaka, specifically within the Pātimokkha, the basic code of the bhikkhus. These are regulations concerning moral conduct that renunciants must observe in the life of practice in monasteries. The Vinaya Piṭaka was compiled after the Buddha’s passing, based on the principles and instructions he gave during his life of teaching.
The rules in the Pātimokkha are divided into many groups according to the seriousness of the violation. The Pahāra scripture concerns actions related to striking or causing physical harm to others. These rules were established to protect the dignity of the Sangha, maintain communal harmony, and carry out the spirit of the Buddhadharma regarding compassion and non-harming (ahiṃsā).
The historical background of Vinaya rules often arises from specific situations that the Buddha witnessed or that were reported to him. When a problem arose, the Buddha gave guidance, and other bhikkhus recorded it, thereby forming the principles of Vinaya.
Main Content
Pahāra in Pāli means “the act of striking” or “a blow.” This rule is intended to prohibit bhikkhus and bhikkhunīs from performing violent acts or causing bodily injury to others, including other renunciants, laypeople, or any living being.
More precisely, this rule states that if a bhikkhu intentionally strikes another person, whether with the hand, with a sharp object, or by any means, he violates a prohibition, a pācittiya or a serious pācittiya depending on degree and circumstance. Intentionally causing bodily harm is regarded as a violation of the spirit of compassion taught by the Buddha.
This rule does not stop only at the direct act of hitting, but also includes intentions to harm. The distinction between an accidental mishap and an intentional act is highly valued in the Vinaya Piṭaka. A bhikkhu may avoid an offense if the act was not intended to cause injury.
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