Lzh Mi Bi Vb Pc 90Keep early or late vassa
Pāli / Sanskrit:Keep early or late vassa
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Commentary on the Scripture “Keeping Early or Late Vassa”
Background
This scripture belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka in the Theravāda tradition, the Pāli Canon, specifically the Pācittiya section, concerning minor offenses. Vassa, or the rains retreat, is a very important three-month period of practice in the communal life of Theravāda Buddhist monastics, usually beginning in the seventh lunar month.
In Buddhist history, vassa was established so that bhikkhus and bhikkhunīs could concentrate on practice during the rainy season, when travel was difficult and could harm insects. However, because of differences in geography, climate, and tradition, different regions might begin vassa at two different times in the same lunar month: the early vassa (pubbanga vassa) and the late vassa (aparanga vassa). This scripture addresses the disciplinary issue that arises when monastics following two different vassa calendars reside in the same place.
Main Content
The scripture stipulates that when bhikkhus and bhikkhunīs in the same monastery or practice area follow two different vassa calendars, they must still maintain harmony (samaggī) and respect the common rules. However, each individual is permitted to follow the vassa calendar suitable to their tradition or geographical situation, provided they fully complete three months of concentrated practice.
The specific regulations emphasize that beginning vassa early or late is not a violation of the rule if done in a spirit of respect and with the recognition of the monastic community. What matters is that there be no rigidity or division, and furthermore that the decision of each individual or group of monastics regarding the beginning of vassa be respected.
The scripture also mentions the principle that bhikkhus should choose the vassa calendar carefully, after consulting their teacher or the elders, to ensure proper concentration on practice.
Practical Meaning
This scripture teaches that the Buddha-Dharma is never rigid or authoritarian.
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