Lzh Mg Bi Vb Sk 20Covering the Head
Pāli / Sanskrit:Oguṇṭhita
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The Sutta on Covering the Head (Oguṇṭhita)
Background
The Oguṇṭhita Sutta (Covering the Head) belongs to the Vinaya Piṭaka within the Theravāda tradition, specifically the Bhikkhunī Vibhaṅga—the section of rules for bhikkhunīs (nuns). The occasion for the arising of this rule originates from an event in the early Saṅgha, when the Buddha established restrictions on dress and conduct in order to protect the dignity of the Saṅgha and to prevent criticism from the wider society.
According to the Pāli tradition, these disciplinary rules were recorded in detail to guide bhikkhunīs in living fully in accordance with the Dhamma. Each rule (sikkhāpada) has clearly defined parameters regarding the prohibited action, the degrees of offense, and exceptional circumstances. The Oguṇṭhita Sutta concerns the covering of the head—a matter that may appear simple, yet clearly reflects the Buddha's concern for solemnity, propriety, and the avoidance of suspicion.
Main Content
The rule concerning covering the head in the Vinaya Piṭaka prohibits bhikkhunīs from covering the entire head (or concealing the face) without a legitimate reason. Specifically, a bhikkhunī should not wear a cloth, hat, or any object that fully covers the head in ordinary circumstances, particularly when attending a Dhamma assembly, presenting herself before the Buddha, or interacting with the public.
The purpose of this rule is to maintain the dignity, openness, and integrity of the bhikkhunī. Covering the head readily gives rise to impressions incompatible with the spirit of the training—such as the image of a woman wishing to conceal her identity, or conduct that may attract unwanted attention from the community. A bhikkhunī must be open about her status, transparent in her nature, and free from secrecy or contrivance.
Nevertheless, the Vinaya Piṭaka also stipulates exceptional cases: covering the head to protect against cold or illness is permitted. This demonstrates that the Buddha's Dhamma is not rigid, but deals reasonably with the genuine practical needs of human beings.
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